摘要:2026 年 5 月 14 日,FDA 局长 Marty Makary 宣布辞职,其因在电子烟、堕胎药、药品审批等问题上与白宫、国会、行业及舆论多方产生矛盾,在多方施压下结束 13 个月动荡任期,由 Kyle Diamantas 接任代理局长。 Makary 任内推动的监管松绑相关改革预计将延续,此次人事变动给全球生物医药行业带来不确定性,行业正关注新任局长人选与监管政策走向。

Marty Makary, M.D., is resigning as FDA commissioner Tuesday, ending a brief but tumultuous tenure marked by mounting criticism from all sides.
Makary’s resignation, as reported by Politico based on an anonymous administration official, follows reports at the end of last week that President Trump had signed off on a plan to fire the FDA leader that he installed in April 2025.
Kyle Diamantas, the FDA deputy commissioner for food, will lead the agency in an acting capacity, Politico reports.
President Donald Trump seemed to confirm Makary’s departure when speaking to reporters Tuesday, although he stopped short of clarifying whether he had fired the commissioner directly.
“Well, I don’t want to say, but Marty’s a great guy, he’s a friend of mine, he’s a wonderful man and he’s going to be off,” Trump said, as quoted by The Hill.
The President also added that “the assistant, the deputy, is taking over temporarily” as the hunt for a permanent replacement for Makary commences.
Trump also admitted that Makary was “having some difficulty,” according to The Hill.
In recent months, Makary has reportedly drawn the ire of the White house for resisting the President’s push to clear fruit-flavored e-cigarettes.
In a series of articles, The Wall Street Journal editorial board mounted a campaign for his ouster over some recent FDA decisions on drug approvals.
Pro-life groups have also blasted Makary, arguing he was not tough enough to restrict the abortion pill mifepristone.
Lawmakers questioned his Commissioner’s National Priority Review Voucher (CNPV) pilot as a potential conduit for introducing political intervention and favoritism into the evaluation of medicines.
Even the biopharma industry, which is typically hesitant to critique the very agency that can easily put their business in a chokehold, has voiced frustration. Under Makary’s watch, the sector has grown weary of rapid leadership turnover and massive brain drain at the FDA, as well as seemingly inconsistent regulatory standards and a habit of overruling career scientists.
But eventually, the decision to push Makary out was made by HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Politico reports, citing an unnamed administration official. Kennedy has long been dissatisfied with Makary, having reportedly considered checking the FDA commissioner’s authority and reducing him to a figurehead role.
据悉,现任FDA负责食品事务的副局长Kyle Diamantas将接任代理局长一职,目前白宫已正式启动FDA永久局长的遴选工作。
多方施压下的仓促离职
Makary的离职并非毫无预兆。上周末就有消息披露,特朗普总统已签署文件,计划解雇这位2025年4月才正式上任的FDA负责人。5月12日,特朗普在接受记者采访时,虽未直接确认是否主动解雇Makary,但明确表示“Marty即将离任”,同时坦言其“在FDA任职期间遭遇了诸多工作困境”。
此次Makary辞职,并非单一因素导致,而是多方矛盾长期积累、叠加发酵的结果。据多方报道,Makary近期同时得罪了白宫、国会、行业协会及民间团体,陷入四面楚歌的被动境地,具体矛盾焦点如下:
最终,美国卫生与公众服务部(HHS)部长Robert F. Kennedy Jr.做出了推动Makary离职的关键决定。据知情人士透露,Kennedy长期以来对Makary的工作表现持续不满,甚至曾考虑削弱其职权,将FDA局长职位变为象征性岗位。此外,Makary还与HHS首席顾问兼医疗保险署署长Chris Klomp,在人事任命等核心工作上爆发过多次激烈冲突,矛盾难以调和。
值得关注的是,Makary原本定于5月13日出席参议院拨款委员会听证会,就FDA 2027财年预算申请进行作证。此次其突然辞职,直接导致这场备受生物医药行业关注的听证会被迫调整议程,后续安排尚未明确。
核心改革政策或将延续
尽管FDA领导层迎来变动,但Makary任内推动的多项核心监管改革举措,预计将得以延续,不会因局长更替而中断。
根据Makary此前提交的FDA 2027财年预算报告,其提出了包括“加速首次人体临床试验审批通道”在内的多项立法提案。这些政策举措与特朗普政府推动的监管松绑方向高度契合,再加上此前已获得白宫支持的CNPV试点、“合理机制框架”等改革,预计均不会因局长更替而被废止。
这一信号对全球生物医药行业而言至关重要:FDA整体的监管改革方向不会出现急转弯,行业高度关注的审批效率提升、监管环境稳定等核心诉求,仍将得到持续推进。
行业影响与后续展望
Makary的短暂任期,堪称FDA历史上最动荡的时期之一。其离职不仅标志着FDA一段充满争议的监管时代正式落幕,也给全球生物医药行业带来了新的不确定性。
目前,全球生物医药行业最关注的问题主要集中在以下三个方面:
1.代理局长Diamantas的监管风格,以及其能否快速稳定FDA内部动荡的局面,缓解人才流失、领导层内耗等问题;
2.FDA永久局长的最终人选,以及新任局长是否会延续当前的监管改革路线,是否会调整核心监管政策;
3.FDA在药品审批、医疗器械监管、食品安全等核心监管领域的标准,是否会因领导层变动出现调整,进而影响行业布局。
作为全球医药监管领域的风向标,FDA的每一次领导层变动,都会对全球生物医药产业产生深远影响。后续,白宫对FDA永久局长的提名、FDA在关键药品审批、监管政策调整等方面的决策,将持续成为全球生物医药行业关注的核心焦点。